Letní vyrážka
LETNÍ VYRÁŽKA
Letní vyrážka, tak bývá označována alergická reakce na bodnutí hmyzem, zejména čeledi Culicoides. Sezónní charakter je spojen s dobou výskytu hmyzu. S onemocněním se setkáváme od dubna do konce října. Neexistuje žádná plemenná dispozice, častější výskyt se však popisuje u poníků (zejména plemene islandský nebo velšský pony). Většinou jsou postižená zvířata starší 4 let, s přibývajícím věkem se intenzita klinických příznaků stupňuje.
Alergie se vytváří na produkty slinných žláz zejména rodu Culicoides (pakomárci), ale můžeme se setkat i s alergii způsobené jinými druhy bodavého hmyzu- muchničky (č. Simulidae), ovádi (č. Tabanidae), bodalky (č. Stomoxidae). Pakomárci jsou velmi drobný dvoukřídlý hmyz o velikosti 1-6mm, kteří se vyskytují zejména v zalesněných pahorkatinách a v horách s vlhkým podnebím a v blízkosti vodních toků a stojatých vod, s maximem letové aktivity ráno a navečer.
Klinické příznaky: Postižené jsou zejména dorzální části zvířete( hlava, hříva, krk, hřbet, ocas). Intenzivní pruritus (svědění) vede k neustálé traumatizaci kůže zvířetem. Zvíře si vydrbává hřívu, ocas, v oblasti krku a hřbetu se objevují papuly- velké ploché kulaté otoky, které se následkem úporného tření mění v prasklinky a krusty bez srsti. Vytváří se záhyby zhrublé kůže na krku, kohoutku a kořeni ocasu, ocas je často úplně holý bez žíní. Pot, prach a jiné nečistoty onemocnění zhoršují. Pro diagnostiku onemocnění jsou typické klinické příznaky a sezónnost. Je však potřeba vyloučit přítomnost jiných ektoparazitů, které mohou vyvolat podobné klinické příznaky (svrab, vši, všenky), prosté pobodání hmyzem, plísně, kontaktní alergie.
Terapie: Nejúčinnější způsob léčby spočívá v zabránění kontaktu zvířete s hmyzem. V době největší aktivity pakomárků (ráno, večer) držíme koně ve stáji, jemná síť v oknech stáje omezí průnik obtížného hmyzu do stáje, vhodné je větrání stáje ventilátory-vyšší proudění vzduchu.( Nenechávejte však svého koně stát v průvanu.) Napáječky a žlaby držíme v čistotě, zbytky krmiv pravidelně odstraňujeme. Na pastvině používáme repelenty, vhodnou ochranou jsou i letní síťované deky, síťky na oči a uši. Pakomárci nejsou schopni tolerovat vyšší proudění vzduchu než 6 km/hod, proto je vhodné držet zvíře na větrném suchém místě, dále od lesních porostů a stojatých vod. Převezení koně do jiné oblasti může být často vhodným řešením.
Alergická reakce je tlumena chladivými protizánětlivými preparáty, v kombinaci s celkovým podáním kortikoidů a antibiotik v případě většího poškození a poranění kůže. Vzhledem k možné genetické dispozici se nedoporučuje používat postižené jedince v chovu.
Tento příspěvek je okopírovaný z www.slecnamini.estranky.cz
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